数字造价抢占全过程咨询高地-7411威尼斯
发布时间：
2019-07-16
2019年，国家发展改革委和住房和城乡建设部发布了《关于推进全过程工程咨询服务发展的指导意见》（以下简称《意见》），鼓励投资咨询、招标代理、勘察、设计、监理、造价、项目管理等企业，采取联合经营、并购重组等方式发展全过程工程咨询，以替代传统的咨询模式——标志着咨询行业正迎来全过程工程咨询时代。造价咨询企业如何把握全过程咨询发展机遇？本文结合对于《意见》的解读，列出以下观点，希望能够为造价咨询企业的发展提供参考和借鉴。
造价咨询企业转型发展迎来最好机遇
《意见》中提出，全过程工程咨询单位应当“培育综合性多元化服务及系统性问题一站式整合服务能力”。当前造价咨询行业离散性大、区域分布不平衡、以算量计价业务作为咨询服务主要收入，加上行业处于咨询产业链中下游，进入全过程咨询领域的先机优势并不明显，服务附加值和收费标准偏低，同质化问题相对突出，要达到整合服务能力标准仍任重而道远，企业转型发展以适应新形势迫在眉睫。
与此同时，从《意见》倡导的整合服务、联合经营、并购重组等理念可以看出，实施全过程工程咨询要求咨询单位具备技术、经济、管理、法律等多专业甚至全专业技术及管理能力和相关人才储备，还要求企业具有一定的资本运作能力。不仅是造价咨询行业，其他咨询类型企业，如设计、监理等也极少能够覆盖工程咨询全专业。即便有这样“航空母舰”级别的咨询企业，其与国外同类型咨询企业相比，很难做到大而强并在全过程咨询领域真正具备核心竞争力。大部分企业的专业领域或专业资质限于某一项或若干项领域，对于超出专业能力及资质的业务，多采用外包的方式。当前全过程工程咨询服务企业的转型发展重在专业整合，发挥各自专业优势。
因此，全过程咨询时代的来临是造价咨询企业转型发展的最好机遇，谁有能力，谁就能抢占先机。
提升投资决策阶段专业咨询服务能力是关键
在建设项目过程中，设计是龙头、管理是灵魂、经济是主线，造价咨询企业介入全过程工程咨询应充分发挥专业所擅长的经济主线的服务。根据《意见》中“鼓励投资者在投资决策环节委托工程咨询单位提供综合性咨询服务，统筹考虑影响项目可行性的各种因素，增强决策论证的协调性。”可见，提升投资决策阶段专业咨询服务能力是把握全过程工程咨询发展机遇的关键。那么应该如何提升决策阶段专业咨询服务能力呢？
第一，建立企业造价成本数据系统，以数字造价提升项目价值。数字造价结合了先进的全过程工程咨询理念，集成人员、数据、业务流程和技术标准,实现项目造价咨询的全过程、全要素、全参与方的数字化、在线化、智能化，融合进入建筑业的新生态体系，使其成为推进工程造价管理数字化、迈向数字造价新目标的共同选择。
第二，提高咨询服务附加值，由提供传统计量计价的核算型造价咨询，向价值创造型事前控制为主的思路转变。基于价值工程的投入产出分析，将管控时点前置，这种管控理念需要站在项目整体高度，充分考虑营销、设计、造价、运营、工程等各个专业因素并进行优化分析，从而真正实现项目价值最大化。
第三，建立全过程成本管控理念，从项目决策、设计、发承包、实施、竣工和后评价阶段实施全过程、一体化控制理念，注重事前控制、建筑标准及数据采集、指标分析及项目后评价，巩固和延伸本专业产业链。
第四，确立合理的合约规划体系，包括发承包模式的选择、标段划分、各合同范围的界定等，同时建立基于合约规划的目标成本控制体系，在过程中实时纠偏，通过设置目标成本、合理规划合约、建立成本月报体系、实施动态纠偏等措施，保证成本管控效果。
第五，全面提升工程造价人才素质。传统的计量计价和对于设计图纸的理解能力仅仅为基础专业能力，造价咨询从业人员还应当对于开发产品策划、设计和工程实施有一定认知和管理能力，进而具备对于建设项目开发环节中的设计、营销、成本、工程、财税的专业的协同管理能力。
投资决策在项目建设中具有统领作用，对于项目的顺利实施、有效控制和投资高效利用至关重要。《意见》提倡投资决策阶段的综合性咨询，以促进投资决策科学化，更强调决策论证的协调性，从而减少分散专项评价评估，避免可行性研究论证碎片化。面对委托方多样化的服务需求，造价咨询企业应把握全过程工程咨询发展契机，以合同管理为抓手引领经济主线，用数字造价体系助力专业能力和服务方法达到以提升项目价值为宗旨的全过程造价咨询服务新水准，实现跨界融合、多方共赢、创新发展，抢占全过程工程咨询的高地。
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