全国各省市相继推进保证金替代方案-7411威尼斯
发布时间：
2018-01-31
住建部于2017年5月发布《关于开展工程质量安全提升行动试点申报工作的通知》，其中提出要开展工程质量保险试点工作。如今，各省市试点方案相继出台，不约而同地准许以保函、保险等形式替代保证金，从而为工程企业解放负担，促进资金流动。保证金的全面淡出，已初现端倪。 1月8日，湖北省住房与城乡建设厅联合中国保监会湖北监管局印发文件《关于开展建设工程履约保证综合试点工作的通知》，明确保险保单与工程建设领域常
住建部于2017年5月发布《关于开展工程质量安全提升行动试点申报工作的通知》，其中提出要开展工程质量保险试点工作。如今，各省市试点方案相继出台，不约而同地准许以保函、保险等形式替代保证金，从而为工程企业解放负担，促进资金流动。保证金的全面淡出，已初现端倪。
1月8日，湖北省住房与城乡建设厅联合中国保监会湖北监管局印发文件《关于开展建设工程履约保证综合试点工作的通知》，明确保险保单与工程建设领域常规保证金或保函具备同等效力。此项政策出台，标志着建设工程企业可以用更低的成本、更为便利的保险单获得与传统现金保证金或银行保函相同的履约保证效力，是一项实现为企业减负，助推实业发展的利民惠民的金融创新举措。
人保财险宜昌分公司为一大型建设企业签发了一笔建设工程完工履约保证保险保单，替代履约保证金900万元，这是湖北省建设工程履约保证综合保险“首单”。
同样是在1月初，厦门保监局联合市建设局、厦门市金融办出台了《关于在全市房屋建筑和市政基础设施工程开展建设工程保证保险工作的通知》，决定在全市推广建设工程保证保险，运用保险机制降低建筑企业的资金成本。
湖北省、厦门市并不是第一个“吃螃蟹”的。早在住建部于去年5月提出开展工程质量保险等8项试点工作后，多个省市就已经迈出了以保险取代保证金的大胆一步。
2016年8月，安徽省住建厅发布通知，其中规定，政府投资项目或国有投资项目将先行推行银行保函管理制度和保证保险制度。2017年1月1日，浙江省起推行建设工程综合保险。凭保险公司出具的保险合同或保险单，就可以为工程担保。2017年3月份，云南首单建设工程投标保证保险投入运行，太平洋产险签下云南省首单建设工程投标保证金保险。
减费优惠不仅限于工程企业。业主方面，目前上海与深圳已经开始试点工程质量潜在缺陷保险(idi保险），由保险公司料理“保修期”间的维修、养护工作。
如果将视线拉得更远一些，可以看到领导部门调整保证金的思路可以概括为“先精简，再替代”。
2016年6月，国务院办公厅发布《关于清理规范工程建设领域保证金的通知》(以下简称“通知”)。通知要求，全面清理各类保证金，除投标保证金、履约保证金、工程质量保证金、农民工工资保证金外，其他保证金一律取消。对保留的保证金，建筑业企业可以按银行保函的方式缴纳。收取单位要严格按规定按时返还。
据报道，李克强总理在国务院常务会议上说：“你们看看，居然还有信用保证金、文明施工保证金、磋商保证金等等。我到基层调研最初听到时还以为是段子呢！”
2017年6月，住房城乡建设部与财政部发布《建设工程质量保证金管理办法》。按照该办法，建筑领域工程质量保证金的预留比例上限由5%降至3%
除了在投保方为企业“松绑”，刺激需求，相关政策的配套措施还体现在激活信用市场。2017年8月2日，国务院总理签署国务院令683号，公布《融资担保公司监督管理条例》，规定，除经营借款担保、发行债券担保等融资担保业务外，经营稳健、财务状况良好的融资担保公司还可以经营投标担保、工程履约担保、诉讼保全担保等非融资担保业务以及与担保业务有关的咨询等服务业务。
早在政策新风吹动之前，一些敏锐的保险企业便瞄准了巨大的建筑业市场，早早出手。2016年6月，保监会批准了首批三家相互保险组织进行筹建。其中一家汇友建工财产相互保险社由长安责任保险股份有限公司发起设立，初始运营资金1亿元，立足于建筑业春之领域，主要针对建筑业的特定风险保障需求，开展工程履约保证保险、工程质量保证保险等新型业务。
逐步淡出保证金，转而以社会力量来兜揽风险。这样的举措将会为行业解放多少资金？以质量保证金为例，根据2016年全国房屋工程施工项目计划总投资10万亿元、质量保证金为工程造价的3%测算，有约3000亿元的资金可以释放。除此之外，还有投标保证金（招标项目估价的2%，最高不得超过80万元）、履约保证金（不得超过中标合同金额的10%）、农民工工资保证金（根据合同额从2%到5%不等，包工不包料的按8%收取），可释放资金的体量将逼近万亿量级。这一正在轰轰烈烈展开的改革，将成为工程企业的一大福音。
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