住房和城乡建设部科技与产业化发展中心副主任文林峰：积极稳妥发展装配式建筑，促进建设行业转型升级-7411威尼斯
发布时间：
2019-09-03
发展以装配式建造方式为代表的新型建造方式是为了补齐我国在建造领域的短板，向国际更高的领域看齐。从总的情况来看，我国之所以一直在大力提倡发展装配式建筑，主要出于以下十个方面的考虑：
一是符合党中央、国务院倡导的绿色发展理念以及质量第一、效率优先等精神，是建筑领域提高质量、品质、安全的重要载体。二是符合“五位一体”（经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设和生态文明建设五位一体，全面推进）的总体布局和“四个全面”（全面建成小康社会、全面深化改革、全面依法治国、全面从严治党）战略布局。三是落实中央城镇化工作会议、中央城市工作会议精神，全面深化落实一系列精神很重要的一条就是发展装配式建筑，促进建筑质量提升。四是符合“创新、协调，绿色、开放、共享”五大发展理念。五是符合“适用、经济、安全、绿色、美观”的建筑方针，这是指导装配式建筑发展的一个非常重要的要求。六是要在建设领域补短板，全面提高“中国建造水平”，追赶世界先进水平。七是符合“一带一路”倡议，有利于提高我国建筑业企业的国际竞争力。八是促进传统建筑业和新型建造、信息、金融、绿色、建材、环保等产业的深度融合。九是推进建设领域促改革、调结构。十是全面提高人居环境，满足人民群众获得感的需要。
衡量装配式建筑是不是真正好的新型建造方式，要看建筑质量、品质、性能是否得到了全面提升。如果达不到这个要求，那就是为了产业化而产业化，没有领悟到真正的精髓。一系列建设领域的科技创新、推广、进步最终都是为了未来更好地满足人民群众的需要。
在这一点上，美的置业的系列创新做法值得借鉴。该公司在传统现浇的方式上进行了一系列系统性的创新和发展，科技含量较高、信息产业融合度较好，加上科学的管理体制增效，效果也非常好。中国建设领域市场很大，不可能完全采用一种建造方式，一定是多种方式并存。新型建造体系涵盖了各种建设领域的科技进步，不仅是一种装配式建造方式，像美的置业探索的一系列管理体系、建造方式、施工工艺等都是未来的发展方向，很多企业在这方面兢兢业业地创新发展，引领了这个行业的发展进步。
目前，不少企业在发展装配式建筑过程中也存在不少误区：一是盲目判断，理念落后。有些建筑行业从业人员，不学习、不了解，根本不知道世界发展多快。二是对技术、标准盲目质疑。企业管理、职工技能培训不到位，造成大家对技术、标准产生质疑。三是对消费者需求的重视程度不够。四是需求不清。五是生产扩张盲目，导致供给过剩。六是唯成本论。这一点比较严重，也是我国建筑行业进步缓慢的原因。七是因创新而忽略安全性。一定要高度重视质量安全，不能以牺牲安全为前提，盲目实施装配式建筑。八是建筑外观大同小异。事实上，只要设计师肯下功夫，并不会千篇一律。
与此同时，发展装配式建筑也存在很多问题。比如，各地政策和规划落地欠缺细则和明确措施；监管机制缺乏创新，政府监管与企业责任缺位；供需不匹配、项目分散、不利于形成集聚发展；建筑技术体系有待完善和优化；一体两翼（epc和bim）工作滞后；装配化全装修发展相对缓慢；优秀示范工程少，引领作用不突出；信息化建设与应用相对薄弱，人工智能正在起步；各方面人才短缺；不够重视消费者获得感、建筑品质提档升级。
综合来看，发展装配式建筑要明确“因地制宜、循序渐近、积极稳妥、质量安全第一”的发展目标和路径。具体而言：一是高度重视工程质量安全，以质量、效率、品质为考量标准，建立工业化、系统性思维与理念。二是推广采用epc（工程总承包）模式，充分发挥优势。三是采用成熟、安全可靠、适宜本地区的技术体系，建设安全可靠放心的综合、标杆示范工程。四是打造节能环保、国际标准的产业园区。五是同步推进信息化技术，助力装配式建筑发展。六是加大宣传力度，消除误区，形成合力。七是加大能力建设培养人才，弘扬工匠精神。八是树立行业标杆，打造综合示范工程。
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