epc工程总承包：建筑业企业新常态下发展的核心竞争力-7411威尼斯
发布时间：
2019-04-15
近年来，伴随着国家发展步入“新常态”和供给侧改革不断深入推进，建筑业作为国民经济支柱产业，一直在积极从传统产业向建筑产业现代化升级。这其中，epc(工程、采购、建设）工程总承包作为覆盖建筑产品的全生命周期的建设工程组织实施方式，具备利于控制项目成本、缩短建设周期、保证工程质量等突出优势，备受市场青睐，也成为近年来最为主流的模式之一。
但对于建筑业企业来说，epc工程总承包模式带来机遇的同时，也对承包商的集成管理能力、资源协调能力等提出了更高的要求，并蕴含了不少风险。结合中建海峡此前参与部分epc总承包模式项目建设经验，笔者以为，在epc工程总承包模式项目实施过程中，应该重点注意以下几点：
发挥设计龙头作用。2%的设计费决定了90%的项目造价。方案设计阶段是项目价值创造的核心环节，epc特点之一是分阶段出图，边设计边施工边修改，应尤其注意推动设计与施工高度融合，高度重视设计创效作用，既要保证图纸有可施工性，又要考虑控制概算。积极参与概念方案，服务前移，从设计与施工融合的角度做建设性思考，使选定方案更具可建造性；参与设计方案策划，通过召开多场次、多专业设计方案策划会，有效策划效益控制概算；允许土方提前开挖，安排专人负责办理方案核查意见书及人防、消防、规划许可等，在工期特别紧张的情况下，可以在设计方案定案后、已确定地下室标高、尚无施工图的情况下，尽早开始土方开挖，布设塔吊，节约时间。在中建海峡承建的世界妈祖文化论坛永久性会址项目前期建设中，设计采用集中设计和并行设计，设计方驻扎项目指挥部，在过程中同步沟通、及时协调，将有关快速施工的技术措施融入设计图纸，仅用两周时间就完成了设计方案深化，为项目后续建设节省了宝贵时间。
优化项目管理模式。epc工程总承包管理模式涉及每个环节的风险点不同，靠单一的单位无法实现，只有实行集团作战，才能攻坚克难，战无不胜。作为总承包方，应该积极整合优势资源，推动总包分包协同。一是考虑设立联合作战指挥室。统一做好统筹规划、过程协调、工序安排，并通过安装在塔吊上的监控摄像、无人机定时放飞辅助等，有效提升总分包协同管理效率，尤其是基础、主体、屋面、外墙及室外工程的现场指挥协调。二是设置计划管理部。在项目组织架构上设置计划管理部，统筹协调全过程的计划管理。计划管理部经理直接受项目经理的领导，是项目经理的助手，相当于参谋长的职位，负责做好二级节点计划的制定，督促设计、采购及施工方制定三级计划，负责计划的执行、监督、纠偏及奖惩。在中建海峡莆田市会展中心项目建设过程中，项目曾经由于全国性钢材短缺导致项目材料供应不及时，造成工期滞后，后续通过计划管理部制定了一系列纠偏措施，对后续关键线路进行重排，及时调整装修材料进场及劳动力计划，最终确保了竣工总目标的实现。
加强科技资源支撑。当前，不少epc工程总承包项目都是公建项目，大型公建项目普遍钢结构造型多、科技含量高、施工难度大，特别是伴随着bim（建筑信息模型）技术、装配式建造技术的不断发展，建筑企业也应该加快推进集成创新，通过管理创新 技术创新、epc bim 装配式 协同平台，有效解决工期和技术困难，为项目高质量建设提供强力支撑。比如在世界妈祖文化论坛永久性会址项目建设过程中，项目团队通过运用bim技术、tekla建模，成功解决了波浪造型钢结构屋面施工难题；在莆田市会展中心项目建设过程中，引进和定制bim协同管理平台，辅助项目多方协同管理，解决epc模式中图纸版本管理难度大的问题。
当然，从建筑企业本身的角度来说，更多地还要从企业管理观念转变、组织架构、资源支持、机制保障、考核激励等方面进行综合考虑，牢固树立起总承包管理的服务意识，把握技术前移、管理前置的指导原则，做好关键过程管理，
通过持续的实践与探索，把epc工程总承包模式打造为企业的核心竞争力。
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